Gyratory crusher with protective feed guide elements

ABSTRACT

Protective feed guide elements for bowl liners and mantles, or parts thereof, as used in crushers in which a crushing head is gyrated within a surrounding and overhanging bowl. The protective elements include inner and outer preferably flexible guide members, which direct the material to the crushing cavity while preventing wear-causing contact between the particles and upper portions of the bowl and mantle, or positioning members therefor.

9 ilmted States Patent 11113,565,353

[72] inventor Howard W. Adam 2,291,122 7/1942 Van Saun .1 241/216X Hales Corners, Wis. 2,977,057 3/1961 Beyhl 241/213 [21] Appl. No. 771,745 FOREIGN PATENTS 1 Filed Oct-31L 1968 798,101 7/1958 Great Britain 241/215 [45] Patented Feb. 23, 1971 [73] Assignee Nordberg Manufacturing Company Sumner-Donald Kelly Milwaukee, Wis. Altorney- Parker, Carter & Markey [54] GYRATORY CRUSHER WITH PROTECTIVE FEED GUIDE ELEMENTS 10 Claims, 2 Drawing Figs.

[52] U.S.Cl. 241/207 ABSTRACT; protective f d guide elements f bow] liners Bozc and mantles, or pans thereof, as used in crushers in which a Fleld ol'Search crushing head is gyrated a surrounding and overhang. 207216(Rubbef Elements"! M1115 g ing bowl. The protective elements include inner and outer 56 R f preferably flexible guide members, which direct the material l e erences to the crushing cavity while preventing wear-causing contact UNITED STATES PATENTS between the particles and upper portions of the bowl and man- 1,553,202 9/1925 Symons 241/215 tle, or positioning members therefor.

PATEHTEUFEBNIBYI 8565353 SHEET 1 [IF 2 G-YRATOIIY CRUSIIER WITI-I PROTECTIVE FEED GUIDE ELEMENTS SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION This invention relates to an improvement in feed guiding means for directing particles to the crushing cavity of a crusher having a gyrated head. One purpose is to protect parts of the mantle or bowl liner which do not normally perform the crushing work.

Another purpose is to direct the particles to be crushed directly into the crushing cavity for contact with the wear taking parts of the bowl liner and mantle.

Another purpose is to provide means for protecting the holddown or positioning members used with a gyrating crusher mantle from wear.

Another purpose is to provide means in a crusher of the type described for defining a circumferential feed passage which receives and guides particles to be reduced and delivers them substantially at the upper opening of that part of the opposed crushing members which are-actually relied upon to nip the particles to be crushed.

Another purpose is to remove the horizontal wear component from the feed above the actual intended crushing zone by eliminating the feed from coming in direct contact of the head liner or mantle which gyrates in'a horizontal motion.

Other purposes will appear from time to time in the course of the specification and claims.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS The invention is illustrated more or less diagrammatically in the accompanying drawings wherein:

FIG. 1 is a vertical axial section illustrating an application of the invention to a crusher of the type in which the mantle is gyrated in relation to an overhanging bowl liner; and

FIG. 2 is a similar axial section, with parts mitted, illustrating a variation of the supporting structure.

Like parts are indicated by like symbols throughout the specification and drawings.

DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT In a gyratory crusher, the parts subjected to severe wear are generally made of abrasion-resistant material. Normally the areas of those parts which are exposed to the actual crushing action are thicker than the areas where the crushing action is not so severe. However, in some instances the areas that are not intended to be subjected to the severest wear actually wear out first thus shortening the useful life of the liner.

For example, in the crusher sold by Nordberg Manufacturing Company under the trademark Gyradisc," the thickest part of the upper liner is in the lower parallel zone, and this area is intended to control the useful life of the piece; however, at times the neck which provides the support for the main crushing surface of the liner and serves to direct the feed into the crushing zone wears out first. The wear on the upper liner is due to (l) the passage of material over the surface and (2) by impinging or forcing the feed material against the surface of the neck as a result of thehorizontal motion and forces imparted to the feed material by the gyrating action of the head. These same two factors can also cause excessive wear on the so-called sleeve or extension of the Gyradisc lower liner. The same or similar circumstances can cause excessive wear on other gyratory-type crusher liners and parts.

My invention eliminates the wear on the neck of the upper liner and on the areas above the lower liner l by adding protective materials thus not allowing the feed material to come in direct contact with them and (2) by isolating the gyrating action of head from the feed material, thus eliminating the horizontal force components imparted to the incoming feed which contributes to the wear rate as the feed passes through that area in being directed to the intended crushing zone of the cavity.

Referring to the drawings, 1 generally indicates a crusher frame upon the upper edge of which is mounted an adjusting ring 2 in which a bowl structure 3 may be positioned for up and down adjustment. The parts 2 and 3 have interpenetrating screw threads 2a and 3a. It will be understood that the details of the crusher as such are not critical, and that the invention may be applied to a variety of crushers. A head, indicated at 4, may be gyrated by any suitable means, not forming part of the present invention. Mounted on the head 4 is a mantle 5, opposed to a bowl liner 6, the bowl liner being removably secured to the bowl 3 and being held by any suitable means, for example, by lugs or wedges 7. The details of the mantle and liner are not of themselves critical. In some types of crushers the mantle and bowl liner may be termed lower liner and upper liner. It will be understood that the parts 5 and 6, with their opposed surfaces 50 and 6a, define a crushing cavity into which material is delivered from above. The material is crushed therein by the nip of the mantle 5 against the bowl liner 6 in response to the gyration of the head 4 about the center X. The head is shown as having an upper counterweight 8.

A generally conically shaped guiding hopper 11 is normally employed to direct the material passing over the edge of the counterweight 8, when used as a feeding'plate, and to direct it downwardly into the crushing cavity. I

In the past, structures of the type shown in the drawings have been operated such that the particles to be crushed were fed downwardly to the counterweight 8, which would serve as a distributing plate.- In such case, or if material is fed directly downwardly about the counterweight 8 into the crushing cavity, the upper parts of the head and bowl liner are subjected to substantial wear. For example, where the mantle S is held down on the head 4 by a constraining or pressure exerting sleeve 9, respondingto a locking nut 10, the sleeve 9, while not performing itself any crushing function, is directly in the line of flow of particles delivered to the crushing cavity defined between the members 5 and 6. Likewise, the bowl liner 6, when formed as shown, includes an upper portion 611, the primary purpose of which is to serve as a means for attaching the liner 6 to the bowl 3. This upper extension does not perform any crushing function, but, unless protected from the material undergoing crushing, tends to wear out more rapidly than the crushing part of the liner-the lower, thicker part.

The present invention relates to means for protecting from wear those parts of the liner and mantle and those parts of the bowl and head which do not specifically perform a crushing function. An outer guide or protector 20, and an inner guide or protector 21 are positioned above the crushing cavity. The guides 20 and 21, between them, define a circumferential passage for the material undergoing crushing while protecting the head, bowl, mantle and bowl liner securing means from useless wear. The members 20 and 21 may be formed of a wear-resistant material. In some applications it is practical to use a flexible material which may be of plastic, or of a rubber substitute, with or without reinforcing fabric or fibers. The outer guide 20 may advantageously be secured, as at 20a, to an upper part of the hopper 11. Or, if desired, the upper part of the member 20 may be made of a metal, with a depending flexible portion 20b extending downwardly adjacent the upper part 6b of the bowl liner 6. It will be understood that a wide variety of materials can be used, and a wide selection of securing means.

As shown in FIG. 1, overlapping ribs 22, 23 extend between the members 20 and 21 and are secured together, for example by bolts, rivets or any other suitable securing means, as at 24. In this manner the inner guide 21 is supported from the outer guide 20, the ribs being so formed as to present a minimum edge surface to the particles fed downwardly between the two guides or protectors. The lower edge of the inner guide 21 may rest on a lower part of the securing sleeve 9, or may be supported somewhat outwardly from it, so that the particles fed to the crushing cavity will have a minimum contact with the sleeve 9. The ribs 22 and 23 may also be formed of a flexible material or a suitable wear-resistant steel may be used.

What is important is to connect the inner and outer guides with a suitable structure which will not obstruct passage of the material to be crushed.

It is advantageous to have the overlapping ribs 22 and 23 adjustably secured together so that when the bowl is adjusted relative to the head, as is common in crushers of this type, the relative vertical positions of the guide members can likewise be adjusted to maintain the proper relationship between the guide members and the surfaces they protect.

FIG. 2 illustrates a modified form of the invention in which there is a rotary feeder 25 mounted on an upper frame 26. The feeder 25 may be driven by a belt 27 connected to a sheave 28. The sheave 28 may be driven by a motor not illustrated, but forming a conventional part of a crushing apparatus. A plurality of supports 29 may extend downwardly and inwardly from the upper frame 26 to position an inner guide member or protector 30. The protector 30 fits over the crusher head and may include a cover 31, peripherally attached to a downwardly extending annular wall 32. The wall 32 is outwardly flared, or has an opening at the bottom which is larger than the cover 31. Note that the bottom edge of the wall 32 extends down beyond a major portion of the sleeve 9.

An outer guide 33 may be fixed to a lower portion of hopper 11 and to the upper portion 6b of the bowl liner 6. The outer guide 33 may be formed of a flexible material or of a wear-resistant steel. In either case, it is fixed to the hopper and bowl liner by suitable securing means. ln like manner, the inner guide 30 may be formed either of a flexible material or a wearresistant metal, for example steel.

In addition to functioning as wear taking members, the inner and outer guide members define a channel for the crusher feed, the width of which can be varied. Thus, the size of the area immediately above the crushing zone can be controlled which in turn makes it possible to regulate the throughput of the crusher. As is well known in the crusher art, control of the throughput enables the operator to run the machine at the most advantageous power setting.

it should be understood that because the head gyrates the lower edge of the inner guide will not have continuous peripheral contact with the sleeve 9. However, there will always be a substantial portion of the inner guide in contact with the sleeve.

The critical wear point in the crusher is the surface 60 of the bowl liner 6. This is protected in all forms of the invention by the lower end ofthe outer guides.

As mentioned above, not only must the surfaces of the liners be protected from the downward passage of wear causing material, but such surfaces must be protected from horizontal abrading or impinging motion caused by the gyratory action of the head. The latter action can cause severe wear. The protectors disclosed herein provide protection against both types of wear.

The inner and outer guides or protectors may be formed of many different materials. Rubber, rubber substitutes, plastic and metal may be satisfactory. In some applications combinations of different material may be used. For example. the outer guide may have a metal upper section and a flexible lower sectron.

Whereas the preferred form of the invention has been shown and described herein, it should be realized that there are many modifications, substitutions and alterations thereto, within the scope of the following claims.

lclaim:

1. in feeding means for a gyrated head crusher in which an outer normally fixed and an inner gyratable wearing part are employed to define a crushing cavity, the inner wearing part being mounted on a gyrated head, means for protecting upper portions of such wearing parts from wear, while delivering particles for reduction to the crushing cavity between said wearing parts, which includes a circumferential outer guide and a circumferential inner guide, the inner guide being located about the gyrated head, the two guides being radially opposed and defining between them a circumferential passage through which particles may be fed, for reduction, to t e crushing cavity.

2. The structure of claim 1 characterized by and including an upper feed-receiving member located above the head, with the inner guide being secured thereto.

3. The structure of claim 2 further characterized in that said circumferential outer guide is attached to said normally fixed wearing part.

4. The structure of claim 2 further characterized in that said inner guide is attached to said upper feed receiving member by a plurality of generally vertically extending supports.

5. The structure of claim 2 further characterized in that said inner guide member has an upper cover peripherally integral with a downwardly extending annular wall, with said upper cover being positioned above said gyrated head.

6. The structure of claim 5 further characterized in that said downwardly extending annular wall is outwardly flared.

7. The structure of claim 1 further characterized by and including a plurality of supports connecting said inner and outer guide members.

8. The structure of claim 7 further characterized in that said supports include means for adjusting the vertical position of said outer guide member relative to said inner guide member.

9. The structure of claim 1 further characterized in that each guide member has a lower edge positioned adjacent, but above, the top of the crushing cavity.

10. The structure of claim 1 further characterized in that said guide members are formed of a flexible material. 

1. In feeding means for a gyrated head crusher in which an outer normally fixed and an inner gyratable wearing part are employed to define a crushing cavity, the inner wearing part being mounted on a gyrated head, means for protecting upper portions of such wearing parts from wear, while delivering particles for reduction to the crushing cavity between said wearing parts, which includes a circumferential outer guide and a circumferential inner guide, the inner guide being located about the gyrated head, the two guides being radially opposed and defining between them a circumferential passage through which particles may be fed, for reduction, to the crushing cavity.
 2. The structure of claim 1 characterized by and including an upper feed-receiving member located above the head, with the inner guide being secured thereto.
 3. The structure of claim 2 further characterized in that said circumferential outer guide is attached to said normally fixed wearing part.
 4. The structure of claim 2 further characterized in that said inner guide is attached to said upper feed receiving member by a plurality of generally vertically extending supports.
 5. The structure of claim 2 further characterized in that said inner guide member has an upper cover peripherally integral with a downwardly extending annular wall, with said upper cover being positioned above said gyrated head.
 6. The structure of claim 5 further characterized in that said downwardly extending annular wall is outwardly flared.
 7. The structure of claim 1 further characterized by and including a plurality of supports connecting said inner and outer guide members.
 8. The structure of claim 7 further characterized in that said supports include means for adjusting the vertical position of said outer guide member relative to said inner guide member.
 9. The structure of claim 1 further characterized in that each guide member has a lower edge positioned adjacent, but above, the top of the crushing cavity.
 10. The structure of claim 1 further characterized in that said guide members are formed of a flexible material. 